Study on the difference of curative effect of conventional mercury displacement treatment on mercury in brain and kidney / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the expulsion effect of sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) on mercury in different organs of mercury poisoning and the therapeutic effect of glutathione (GSH) combined with antioxidant therapy on mercury poisoning. Methods: In February 2019, 50 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats in each group: A (saline negative control group) , B (HgCL2 positive control group) , treatment group (C: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg treatment, D: intramuscular injection of DMPS30 mg/kg treatment, E: intramuscular injection of DMPS 15 mg/kg and intraperitoneal injection of GSH200 mg/kg treatment) . Rats in group B, C, D and E were subcutaneously injected with mercury chloride solution (1 mg/kg) to establish a rat model of subacute mercury poisoning kidney injury. Rats in group A were subcutaneously injected with normal saline. After the establishment of the model, rats in the treatment group were injected with DMPS and GSH. Rats in group A and group B were injected with normal saline. At 21 d (treatment 7 d) and 28 d (treatment 14 d) after exposure, urine and blood samples of 5 rats in each group were collected. Blood biochemistry, urine mercury, urine microalbumin and mercury content in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were detected. Results: After exposure to mercury, the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebrum and cerebellum of rats in group B, C, D and E increased, and urine microalbumin increased. Pathology showed renal tubular injury and renal interstitial inflammation. Compared with group B, urinary mercury and renal cortex mercury in group C, D and E decreased rapidly after DMPS treatment, and there was no significant decrease in mercury levels in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats, accompanied by transient increase in urinary albumin after DMPS treatment (P<0.05) ; the renal interstitial inflammation in group E was improved after GSH treatment. There was a positive correlation between urinary mercury and the contents of mercury in renal cortex, cerebral cortex and cerebellum (r=0.61, 0.47, 0.48, P<0.05) . Conclusion: DMPS mercury expulsion treatment can significantly reduce the level of metal mercury in the kidney, and there is no significant change in the level of metal mercury in the cortex and cerebellum.

Intoxicación por mercurio elemental por inyección intramuscular: presentación de caso y revisión de literatura / Poisoning with elemental mercury by intramuscular injection. Case report and review of literature

Se han reportado en la literatura pocos casos de intoxicación por mercurio por administración en tejidos blandos. No se cuenta con suficiente evidencia acerca del manejo con terapia quelante en este tipo de intoxicación. Se reporta el caso de una mujer de 34 años con antecedente psiquiátrico la cual se administró mercurio intramuscular en fosa cubital izquierda con fines autolíticos. Acudió al servicio de urgencias 24 horas posteriores a su administración, el motivo principal fue el dolor intenso en la zona y la presencia de edema, sin efectos sistémicos. La radiografía mostró depósitos metálicos en 1/3 de brazo, localizados en músculo, y que migraron a través de la fascia hacia 2/3 del antebrazo. La placa de tórax no mostró alteraciones. Fue intervenida quirúrgicamente en 3 ocasiones extrayendo mínimas cantidades de mercurio. La paciente fue manejada con antibióticos por presencia de celulitis. Un mes después presentó temblor mercurial, razón por la cual se tomaron muestras de sangre y orina para la determinación de mercurio, el cual resulto elevado en ambas muestras, por lo que se le administró terapia quelante con D-penicilamina.

There are just a few cases of mercury toxicity after administration in soft tissue, reported in the literature. There is insufficient evidence about the management with chelation therapy in this type of poisoning. We report the case of a 34 year-old woman with a psychiatric history who administered herself a mercury injection into de muscle in the left cubital fossa, referred as a suicide attempt. She came to the emergency department 24 hours after administration; the main reason was the intense pain in the area and the presence of edema, with no systemic effects. Radiography showed metallic deposits in 1/3 arm, located in muscle, which moved through the fascia to 2/3 of the forearm. Chest radiography was normal. She underwent surgery trhee times extracting trace amounts of mercury. The patient was managed with antibiotics by the presence of cellulite. One month later she had tremor mercuralis, so a blood and urine samples were sent to the laboratory in order to determinate mercury levels, which resulted high in both fluids, therefore chelation therapy with D-penicillamine was administered.

Intoxicación familiar por mercurio elemental: caso clínico / Family poisoned by elemental mercury: a case report

Introduction: mercury is a heavy metal widely dispersed in nature, occurring in three chemical forms. Exposure to mercury at work sites and even at home may be clinically significant. Objective: to update the knowledge about the risks of this toxic element. Case report: the case of a teenager and his family poisoned by elemental mercury is reported. The diagnostic process was difficult, mainly due to an initial presumption of probable infectious etiology, unavailability of key anamnestic data and unusual clinical behavior, with signs and symptoms of multisystem compromise (neurological, hepatic, renal and dermatological compromise). Discussion: the study was based on literature review of various clinical presentations regarding this poisoning and its management, emphasizing the need for dimercaptosuccinic acid chelator. As a major public health problem, the importance of education and implementation of public policies to have a mercury-free environment is discussed.

Introducción: el mercurio es un metal pesado ampliamente distribuido en el medio ambiente, en sus tres formas químicas. La exposición a dicho metal en recintos laborales e incluso en el hogar, puede llegar a ser clínicamente significativa. Objetivo: actualizar el conocimiento acerca de los riesgos de este tóxico. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso clínico de un adolescente y su familia intoxicados por mercurio elemental, cuyo proceso diagnóstico fue difícil, principalmente por la presunción inicial de una probable etiología infecciosa, falta de disponibilidad de datos anamnésticos claves y el inusual comportamiento clínico, con signos y síntomas de compromiso multisistémico (neurológico, hepático, renal y dermatológico). Discusión: se revisa la literatura en relación a las diversas formas de presentación clínica de esta intoxicación y su manejo, destacando la utilidad del quelante ácido dimercaptosuccínico. Por ser un importante problema de salud pública, se destaca la trascendencia de la educación e implementación de políticas públicas por un ambiente libre de mercurio.

Effect of monothiol along with antioxidant against mercury-induced oxidative stress in rat.

Efficacy of thiol chelators viz. N-acetyl cysteine and D-penicillamine (NAC and DPA) along with nutritional supplements viz. zinc acetate, sodium selenite and magnesium sulphate (Zn, Se and Mg) in the treatment of mercury intoxication was investigated in rats. This is of particular interest since high bonding affinity between mercuric ion and the thiol group exits. The mutual antagonism of mercury and selenium is one of the strongest examples of the interaction in the trace element field. Adult rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were administered a bolus dose of dimethyl mercury (10 mg/kg) orally. A significant rise in the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, bilirubin and creatinine were observed. Single mercury exposure also resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxides with a concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione level in liver, kidney and brain. A decrease in the enzymatic activities of acetyl cholinesterase in different regions of the brain was observed. These parameters were restored considerably with chelating agents along with nutritional supplementation, but NAC+Se and DPA+Mg offered significant protection in comparison with other combinations.

Intoxicación por mercurio / Mercury intoxicación

Son muy frecuentes las llamadas al Centro de Información Toxicológica de la Universidad Católica a causa de ingesta de mercurio de termómetros por niños. A continuación se resumirán los aspectos más importantes a considerar para realizar un adecuado manejo ante la exposición de los distintos tipos de mercurio: mercurio elemental; mercurio inorgánico y mercurio orgánico

Intoxicaçäo letal por mercúrio através da ingestäo de merthiolate / Lethal mercury poisoning due to ingestion of merthiolate

Descrevemos uma intoxicaçäo grave por ingestäo crônica de composto mercurial orgânico usado como antisséptico "merthiolate". O paciente desenvolveu quadro neurológico grave e irreversível, apesar do tratamento com penicilamina e resina ter reduzido rapidamente os níveis plasmáticos e a concentraçäo de mercúrio nos cabelos. Apesar da intoxicaçäo por ingestäo de antissépticos mercuriais ser raramente descrita, chamamos a atençäo para essa possibilidade frente ao largo uso caseiro desses antissépticos contendo mercúrio e álcool, que podem ser ingeridos por crianças e alcoólatras